ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÎÇãÓ

ÓæÝ äÓÊÚÑÖ Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ØÑÞ ÇáÊÚÇãá ãÚ ÇáÝÇäßÔä ÇáÊí ÊáÒãäÇ Ýí ÌãáÉ Çá Select
Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ãÚ ãáÇÍÙÉ Çä ßá ÏÑÓ ãä ÇáÏÑæÓ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ ÌÒÁ áÇ íÊÌÒà Úä ÇáÂÎÑ áÃäå Ýí ÇáäåÇíå ÓæÝ äÎÑÌ ÈãÔÑæÚ ãÚ ÊÞÇÑíÑÉ ÈÇÐä Çááå ÝÇáãæÖæÚ áíÓ ÔÑÍ ÝÇáÔÑæÍÇÊ ßËíÑÉ æÇáÇÚÖÇÁ ÈÇÑß Çááå Ýíåã áÇíÞÕÑæä ãä åÐå ÇáäÇÍíÉ ÇáåÏÝ åæ æÖÚß Úáì ÇáØÑíÞ ÇáÕÍíÍ áÊÈÏà ÈÊØæíÑ äÝÓß

* GROUP BY æåæ ãÇíÞÕÏ Èå ÈÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ æíÓÊÎÏã ÇáGROUP BY áÊãËíá Çæ ÊÞÓíã ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ Úáì Ôßá ãÌãæÚÇÊ ÓæÇÁ ãÌãæÚÉ æÇÍÏÉ Çæ ÚÏÉ ãÌãæÚÇÊ

SELECT column1, column2, ... column_n, aggregate_function (expression)
FROM tables
WHERE predicates
GROUP BY column1, column2, ... column_n;

áÇÍÙ ãÚí ßíÝ íãßä ÇÓÊÎÏÇãÊå æÓæÝ ÊÊæÖÍ ÝßÑÊå ÚäÏÇ ÇÓÊÎÏÇãå ãÚ ãÚÇÏáÇÊ ÇÎÑì ÝÇáåÏÝ åæ ãËáÇ ÇíÌÇÏ ÚÏÏ ÇáÇÞÓÇã Ýí ßá ÇÏÇÑÉ .

* Countæåæ ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÚÏÏ æíÓÊÎÏã áÇÑÌÇÚ ÚÏÏ ÇáÍÞæá Ýí ÇáÌÏæá
æíãßä ÇÓÊÎÏÇãå ÈÇáÔßá ÇáÊÇáí

SELECT COUNT(expression)
FROM tables
WHERE predicates;

ØÈÚÇ Çá COUNT íÑÌÚ ÇÌãÇáí áÐáß äÓÊØíÚ Çä äÖÚ ÇÓã ÍÞá áíÑÌÚ áäÇ ÚÏÏ ÈíÇäÇÊå ãËáÇ Çæ äÓÊØíÚ Çä äÑÌÚ ÚÏÏ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÌÏæá æÐáß ÈÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáäÌãÉ * ßãÇ íáí COUNT(*) áÐáß íÌÈ ÊæÖíÍ äÞØÉ Çäå áæ ØáÈ ãäÇ ÇÓÊÑÌÇÚ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÚÏÏ ÇáÇÏÑÇÊ ãÚ ÇÓã ÇáÇÏÑÇÉ áÐáß íÌÈ Çä äÓÊÎÏã ãÚåÇ GROUP BY

SELECT COUNT(DPT_NO) as "Number of Dept",DPT_NAME FROM DEPARTMENTS
GROUP BY DPT_NAME

áÇ äÓÊÎÏã ãÚ COUNT Çá GROUP BY Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇÐÇ ßÇä äÓÊÑÌÚ ÝÞØ ÚÏÏ ÔíÁ ãÚíä
*SUM æåæ Úãá ÇíÌÇÏ ãÌãæÚÉ ÚÏÏ ãä ÇáÇÑÞÇã

SELECT SUM(expression )
FROM tables
WHERE predicates;

íãßä Çä íÓÊÎÏã Çá SUM ãÚ DISTINCT
ãËÇá

SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary) as "Total Salary"
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 25000;

åäÇ íÊã ÌãÚ ÇáÈíÇäÇÊ ÛíÑ ÇáãßÑÑÉ
æíãßä Úãá ÚãáíÇÊ ÇËäÇÁ ÇáÌãÚ ßØÑÍ Çæ ÖÑÈ Çæ ÞÓãÉ äÊíÌÉ Úáì ÑÞã ãÚíä ãä ßá ÍÞá ßãÇ Ýí ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáí

SELECT SUM(sales*0.10) as "Commission"
FROM order_details;

æíÓÊÎÏã ÇáSUM ãÚ GROUP BY
ãËÇá

SELECT department, SUM(sales) as "Total sales"
FROM order_details
GROUP BY department;

*MAX æåæ ÇÑÌÇÚ ÇßÈÑ ÞíãÉ Èíä ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáÈíÇäÇÊ

SELECT MAX(expression )
FROM tables
WHERE predicates;

*MIN æåæ ÚßÓ Çá MAX ÍíË íÑÌÚ ÇÞá ÞíãÉ Èíä ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáÈíÇäÇÊ
SELECT MIN(expression )
FROM tables
WHERE predicates;
ãËÇá

SELECT MIN(salary) as "Lowest salary"
FROM employees;

áÇÍÙæÇ ßíÝ Çäå æÖÚäÇ Çá DPT_NAME áÃäå ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÑãÒ ÝÑÏí ÇãÇ COUNT(DPT_NO) ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ãÌãæÚÉ áÐáß íÓÊÎÏã ãÚåÇ Çá GROUP BY
æßÐáß ÇáÍÇá ÈÇáäÓÈÉ Çá MAX,MIN,SUM


* HAVING æíÓÊÎÏã áÝáÊÑÊ ÇáÈÇäÇÊ ÇáäÇÊÌå ÚÚä GROUP BY æåæ íÓÊÎÏã ãÚåÇ ÍíË ÊÓÊØíÚ æÖÚ ÔÑØ ãÚíä ãä ÎáÇáåÇ æåæ íÓÊÎÏã ÝÞØ ÇÚãÏÉ Çá GROUP BY Çæ Çí ÔíÁ íäÊãí Çáì ãÌãæÚÉ

ÇáÞÇÚÏå åí

SELECT column1, column2, ... column_n, aggregate_function (expression)
FROM tables
WHERE predicates
GROUP BY column1, column2, ... column_n
HAVING condition1 ... condition_n;

æíÓÊÎÏã ÇíÖÇ ãÚ SUM,MAX,MIN,COUNT
æåÐå ÇãËáÉ Úáì ßá æÇÍÏ
ãËÇá Úáì SUM

SELECT department, SUM(sales) as "Total sales"
FROM order_details
GROUP BY department
HAVING SUM(sales) > 1000;

ãËÇá Úáì COUNT
SELECT department, COUNT(*) as "Number of employees"
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 25000
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10;

ãËÇá Úáì MIN

SELECT department, MIN(salary) as "Lowest salary"
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING MIN(salary) = 35000;

ãËÇá Úáì MAX
SELECT department, MAX(salary) as "Highest salary"
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING MAX(salary) < 50000;

äÃÊí Çáì ÇÓÊÎÏÇã BETWEEN
ÇáãÞÕæÏ ÈåÇ ãä Çáì Çæ Èíä
æÊÓÊÛá áæÖÚ ãÞÇÑäÉ ÊæÖÚ Ýí ÌãáÉ ÇáÔÑØ

SELECT columns
FROM tables
WHERE column1 between value1 and value2;

ãËÇá

SELECT *
FROM suppliers
WHERE supplier_id between 5000 and 5500;

æíãßä ÇÓÊÎÏÇã Çá NOT BETWEEN
æÇáãÞÕæÏ ÈåÇ áíÓ Èíä ãä Çáì
æåæ ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÇÍÖÇÑ ÇáÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÊí áÇ ÊäÊãí Çáì ÌãáÉ ÇáÔÑØ ÈÇÓÊÛáÇá Çá NOT BETWEEN

SELECT *
FROM suppliers
WHERE supplier_id not between 5000 and 5500;

ÇáÃÓÆáÉ
1- Èíä ÈãËÇá ßíÝ íãßä Çä äÌãÚ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÛíÑ ãßÑÑÉ ÈÇÓÊÎÏÇã sum
2-Èíä ÚÏÏ ÇáÇÏÇÑÇÊ æÇÓã ßá ÇÏÇÑÉ æÊÑÊíÈåÇ ÈÔßá ÊÕÇÚÏí
3-Èíä ÚÏÏ æÇÓã ÇÕÛÑ ÇÏÇÑÉ
4-Èíä ãÇ åæ ÇáÝÑÞ Ýí ÇÓÊÎÏÇã between æ not between
5-Èíä ÚÏÏ ÇáÇÏÇÑÇÊ æÇÓã ßá ÇÏÇÑÉ ÈÔÑØ Çä íßæä ÇáÚÏÏ ÇßÈÑ ãä 5

ÇäÊåÊ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ

ÇäÊåì ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÎÇãÓ