Pharmacology
الناقل :
elmasry
| الكاتب الأصلى :
DR.hussam alden
| المصدر :
sayadla.com
Pharmacology (in
Greek
:
pharmakos
(φάρμακον)
meaning
drug
, and
logos (λόγος)
meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function.
[1]
If substances have
medicinal
properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses
drug
composition and properties,
interactions
,
toxicology
, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities.
Development of medication
is a vital concern to
medicine
, but also has strong
economical
,
political
and
religious
implications. To protect the
consumer
and prevent abuse, many governments regulate the manufacture, sale, and administration of medication. In the
United States
, the main body that regulates pharmaceuticals is the
Food and Drug Administration
and they enforce
standards
set by the
United States Pharmacopoeia
.In the
European Union
, the main
body
that regulates pharmaceuticals is the
EMEA
and they enforce standards set by the
European Pharmacopoeia
.
Pharmacology as a chemical science is practiced by pharmacologists. Subdisciplines include
clinical pharmacology
(the medical field of medication effects on humans),
neuro-
and
psychopharmacology
(effects of medication on behavior and nervous system functioning),
toxicology
and
theoretical pharmacology
.
Pharmacology is not identical with
pharmacy
, though in common usage the two are at times confused